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"I wouldn't try to exercise with blood sugars in the 300 range." ...I've read this before. Why?
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If the BS is high it is probable that there is too little circulating insulin. The exercising muscles need glucose but will not be able to access the glucose in the blood signalling the liver to release even more glucose from glycogen. The BS will therefore rise higher. Moreover with the lack of insulin there will be a breakdown of fat to fatty acids transforming them into ketones. There is therefore a risk of ketoacidosis.
Normal advice is to check for ketones before exercising if BS is above 250 and not to exercise at all above 300.
This happened to me before diagnosis. I 'knew' (self diagnosed) that I had diabetes. I thought it must be type 2 and that exercise was good for me. I had already lost weight ( now I realise that ketones were present.) I went for a short mountain bike ride, Couldn't go on, breathing became rapid, I felt dreadful. At the time my husband thought I was having a heart attack.Next day I was in hospital ( I was in my 50s so age is definitely not relevant)
I agree the op should call the doctor for advice. With a fasting BS that high I would check for ketones anyway.
You can get urine strips at the chemist.